Characterising the Land Surface Phenology of Middle Eastern Countries Using Moderate Resolution Landsat Data

Global change impacts including climate change, increased CO2 and nitrogen deposition can be determined through a more precise characterisation of Land Surface Phenology (LSP) parameters. In addition, accurate estimation LSP dates is being increasingly used in applications such as mapping vegetation types, yield forecasting, irrigation management. However, there has not been any attempt to characterise Middle East phenology at the fine spatial resolution appropriate for applications. Remote-sensing based approaches have proved useful tool regions since access restricted some areas due security issues their inter-annual parameters vary considerably because high uncertainty rainfall. This study aims establish first time comprehensive phenological characteristics major types 30 m using Landsat Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) series data over temporal range 20 years (2000–2020). Overall, progressive pattern phenophases was observed from low latitude. The earliest start season concentrated central east region associated mainly with grassland cultivated land, while significantly delayed end distributed northern Turkey Iran corresponding forest, resulting prolonged length area. There significant positive correlation between latitude, which indicates delay 4.83 days (R2 = 0.86, p < 0.001) 6.54 0.83, per degree latitude increase. we discussed advantages available coarse datasets showed how outputs improve many region. shows potential quantify land cover heterogeneous landscapes enhances our understanding spatial-temporal dynamics arid semi-arid settings world.